Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections. However, it can also result from factors like medications, alcohol, fatty liver deposits, autoimmune conditions, and genetic disorders. The severity and duration of symptoms can vary widely based on the underlying cause and the individual affected. Hepatitis can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
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In cases of acute or chronic hepatitis, symptoms might include:
- Abdominal pain
- Pale or clay-colored stool
- Dark urine
- Jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes)
- Mild fever and feeling unwell
- Muscle or joint aches
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
Some people with viral hepatitis may not experience symptoms, leading to potential liver damage over time. Chronic hepatitis can also elevate the risk of liver cancer, internal bleeding, and cognitive issues. Screening for hepatitis C is recommended for all adults above 18 years of age.
Hepatitis is diagnosed through a combination of blood tests and imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI).
In recent years, treatment for viral hepatitis has made significant progress. Most cases can now be effectively managed with medications, reducing the risks of long-term infection and liver damage.
Hepatitis A: Typically, this infection clears within a few months without causing extensive liver damage. Rest and symptom management are key.
Hepatitis B: Acute cases might resolve with rest and proper care. If chronic, antiviral medication may be prescribed, with close monitoring for liver health.
Hepatitis C: Antiviral medications can often cure chronic hepatitis C in a matter of weeks. Unfortunately, there's no vaccine for Hepatitis C.
Hepatitis D and E exist, but they're less common. Hepatitis D only affects those already infected with hepatitis B, while hepatitis E is rare in the United States.