Seeing blood in your stool can be alarming, and while there are many possible causes, it’s crucial to understand that blood in the stool isn’t something to ignore. Sometimes, it may be due to minor issues like hemorrhoids or an anal fissure. Still, in other cases, it could be a sign of a more serious health concern, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or even colorectal cancer.
The blood’s color, amount, and consistency can provide clues to its cause, but a professional diagnosis is essential to determine the exact source and appropriate treatment. Our specialists explain some common causes of blood in the stool, ranging from mild to severe, and how they might be treated.
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectum or anus that can bleed during bowel movements, especially if they are irritated or inflamed. They are often accompanied by itching, discomfort, and bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. While hemorrhoids are usually not dangerous, over-the-counter treatments or lifestyle changes can help reduce symptoms. In severe cases, medical procedures may be needed to remove or shrink hemorrhoids.
Anal fissure
An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing large or hard stools. This tear can lead to bright red blood on the stool's surface and sharp pain during and after bowel movements. Anal fissures can often heal with proper care, such as topical medications increasing fiber intake, staying hydrated, and avoiding straining during bowel movements. Severe or recurring fissures may require additional medical treatment.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which make up inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can cause blood in the stool. IBD leads to chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, which can result in ulcers and bleeding, along with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fatigue. If you have persistent symptoms, it's crucial to seek medical evaluation, as managing IBD often requires medication, dietary adjustments, or, in severe cases, surgery.
Diverticular bleeding
Diverticula are small pouches that can form in the colon lining, especially in older adults. When one of these pouches becomes inflamed or bleeds, it’s called diverticulitis or diverticular bleeding. This condition can lead to sudden and severe bleeding, often appearing as maroon or bright red blood in the stool. Diverticular bleeding may stop on its own, but persistent or heavy bleeding requires immediate medical attention to prevent complications.
Polyps
Polyps are abnormal growths in the colon or rectum. While they are usually benign, they can sometimes bleed, causing blood in the stool. Polyps are more common in older adults and may lead to colorectal cancer if left untreated. Regular screening, such as a colonoscopy, is important to detect and remove polyps before they become cancerous.
Colorectal cancer
Blood in the stool can also be a symptom of colorectal cancer, especially if accompanied by weight loss, fatigue, or changes in bowel habits. Colorectal cancer often develops slowly over time, making early detection through screening crucial. If caught early, colorectal cancer is treatable, so it’s vital to discuss any concerning symptoms or family history with your doctor and get regular screenings as recommended.
Upper GI bleeding
Bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract may look like dark black blood also known as melena. This may be caused by gastritis, esophagitis, or peptic ulcer disease and also requires prompt evaluation and medical treatment.
If you notice blood in your stool, consult a gastroenterologist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. NYGA offers comprehensive evaluations and personalized care to help you address any symptoms and improve your digestive health.
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