Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the digestive system when gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, is consumed. While the condition can develop at any age, adolescents face unique challenges, from adjusting to new dietary restrictions to navigating social situations involving food. The gastroenterologists and GI trained dietitians at NYGA are here to answer your questions with this guide, explaining symptoms, diagnosis, and the best strategies for managing a gluten-free lifestyle as a teenager.

What Is Celiac Disease in Adolescents?

Celiac disease triggers an immune response when gluten is ingested, damaging the small intestine. This can lead to poor nutrient absorption, which is especially concerning for adolescents who are still growing. Strict adherence to a gluten-free diet is the best course of action to prevent complications and support overall health.

Signs and Symptoms of Celiac Disease in Teens

Signs and symptoms in teen girls

Teen girls with celiac disease may experience a range of symptoms, some of which can be mistakenly attributed to other conditions, including:

• Digestive issues: Chronic diarrhea, bloating, constipation, and stomach pain after eating gluten-containing foods.
• Short stature and slow growth: Inadequate absorption of nutrients like calcium and vitamin D can stunt growth.
• Delayed puberty: A slowed or delayed onset of menstruation due to nutrient deficiencies.
• Fatigue and weakness: Low iron levels (iron-deficiency anemia) or other deficiencies leading to persistent tiredness.
• Poor concentration and brain fog: Nutrient deficiencies affecting cognitive function and focus.
• Unexplained weight loss or difficulty maintaining weight: Malabsorption of nutrients can lead to unintentional weight fluctuations.
• Skin issues: An itchy, blistering rash called dermatitis herpetiformis, which is associated with celiac disease.

Signs and symptoms in teen boys

While boys with celiac disease may experience similar symptoms as girls, some issues are more commonly reported in males, including:

• Gastrointestinal discomfort: Recurring diarrhea, bloating, nausea, and acid reflux.
• Short stature and slow growth: Inadequate absorption of nutrients like calcium and vitamin D can stunt growth.
• Bone weakness: Increased risk of fractures or osteoporosis due to poor calcium absorption.
• Chronic fatigue: Low energy levels from iron and B12 deficiencies.
• Poor concentration and brain fog: Nutrient deficiencies affecting cognitive function and focus.

Diagnosing Celiac Disease in Adolescents

Diagnosing celiac disease typically involves a combination of blood tests to detect gluten-related antibodies and a biopsy of the small intestine to assess damage. Adolescents must continue eating gluten before testing, as eliminating it beforehand can affect the accuracy of results. A strict gluten-free diet is the only effective treatment if a diagnosis is confirmed.

Dietary Changes for Teens (Gluten-Free Eating)

Adjusting to a gluten-free diet can be challenging for teenagers, especially in social settings. Here are some practical tips:

• Learn to read labels: Many processed foods contain hidden gluten, so checking ingredient lists carefully is crucial.
• Find gluten-free alternatives: Many popular foods, including pasta, bread, and snacks, now have gluten-free versions.
• Prepare meals at home: Cooking at home allows for better control over ingredients and reduces the risk of cross-contamination.
• Communicate with friends and family: Letting others know about dietary restrictions can help avoid accidental gluten exposure.
• Plan ahead for school and social events: When dining out, bring gluten-free snacks or meals to prevent unintentional gluten consumption.
• Meet with our trained GI dietitians to learn the best way to follow a gluten free diet.  

Talk to a Doctor 

If your child or teen is experiencing any symptoms of celiac disease, it’s essential to consult a gastroenterologist for proper testing and diagnosis. At NYGA, we provide expert guidance through nutrition and lifestyle adjustments, helping adolescents thrive while maintaining a gluten-free diet.

Don’t wait—prioritize your health today.